Sri Lanka's president called Thursday for minority ethnic Tamils to work with the government to settle their differences but said there would be no self-rule for them, as the country celebrated its first Independence Day since the end of a 25-year civil war.
President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who was re-elected last month by a wide margin, largely because of support from the country's Sinhalese majority, said Tamil leaders should not "misguide" people or harbor political ambitions based on ethnicity or region.
"Let's solve our problems ourselves through discussions," he said in the Tamil language.
Sri Lanka received independence in 1948 — emerging from more than four centuries of colonial rule by the Portuguese, Dutch and then British — and ethnic Tamils have since complained of systematic marginalization in governance, jobs and education.
Those grievances led to the birth of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, known as the Tamil Tigers, a rebel group that fought for decades for an independent state for Tamils in the north and east. The war, which ended in May with the defeat of the rebels, left some 80,000 to 100,000 people dead and many Tamil areas in ruins.
There have since been calls for the government to reconcile with Tamils by offering them a degree of self-rule in provinces where they constitute a majority, but Rajapaksa rejected that Thursday.
"Hereafter, we will not entertain narrow divisions based on race, religion, language and political ideology in terms of regions," he said. "There is no one called a minority in this country, all those who love the country are children of mother Lanka."
He said he intends to give some power to all villages in the country to enable people to look after their own affairs.
"Certainly everyone will get equal facilities. This is what you call equality, this is what you call equal rights," he said.
The main celebration for Sri Lanka's 62nd independence anniversary was held in central Kandy town, near the sacred Temple of the Tooth. The town was also the seat of the country's last kingdom before it fell to the British in 1815.
In contrast to previous years' celebrations, Thursday's military parades were low-key — without the display of heavy guns and artillery — and the general public was allowed to attend. In the past, attendance required a special invitation by the government.
Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) has issued an urgent appeal for journalist Prageeth Eknaligoda, who is missing since 24th January. The Sri Lankan authorities has repeatedly denied any knowledge about his disappearance.
Highlighting the fact that 'Sri Lanka remains as one of the most dangerous environments in the region for journalists' AHRC has appealed to the concerned groups and individuals to "write letters to the relevant authorities to urge for stronger and clearer efforts to thoroughly investigate Prageeth's disappearance, ensure his safe return, and provide security for the victim’s family."
The full text of the AHRC appeal follows:
"SRI LANKA: A political analyst has been missing since the election run-up
Dear friends,
The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) has received information regarding the disappearance of journalist Prageeth Eknaligoda shortly after he wrote articles supporting the presidential opposition candidate. His office was ransacked shortly after, the website he writes for was blocked during the election, and there have been delays and flaws in the police investigation. The journalist was also a victim of an unresolved organised abduction last year. It should be noted that his disappearance fits the strong pattern of harassment of journalists in the country by government agencies.
CASE DETAILS: (Based on information received from the victim's wife)
According to the information received, Mr. Prageeth Ranjan Bandara Eknaligoda (also printed as Ekanaligoda), disappeared shortly after he left his office at the LankaeNews Website headquarters on 24 January 2010 – two days before the presidential election. His last contact was in a call to a Mr Gamini Perera, who usually drives him home, during which the journalist told Mr Perera that he had arranged alternative transport. He mentioned being 'at Koswatte' (and though there are two potential Koswatte’s in Colombo, the victim’s wife believes he was referring to a place near Talangama).
There has been no communication from the victim since and there are no known facts about the perpetrators at this time. However due to the nature of his work, the day of his disappearance, the frequency of state sanctioned acts of repression against journalists under the current administration, and his own past experience of abduction, detailed below, Eknaligoda's family suspect the involvement of state authorities, rather than – as suggested by police – individuals with a grudge.
Shortly after the victim’s disappearance the website LankaeNews was blocked by the government authorities. The block was lifted after the election. The AHRC is also informed that the LankaeNews premises were searched for two hours on the night of 28 January 2010 by a large number of unidentified persons (vehicle registration number: 32-8432), after which the website was again blocked for a short time.
When Mrs. Kamalgoda Mudalige Sandya Priyangani Eknaligoda, attempted to register the incident at Homagama police station, accompanied by Mr Perera, she was told by the OIC (Officer-in-Charge) that the station was unable to record the incident without prior instruction from higher officers, and he advised her to register the complaint with the Koswatte police; this is despite his legal obligation to register the case without delay. After persistence from Mrs. Eknaligoda the officer allegedly agreed to accept the complaint, and statements were recorded from her and Mr. Perera between 10:30 and 11:00am on 25 January 2010.
On 28 January 2010 an officer from Homagama police station and two officers purporting to be from the CID (Criminal Investigation Division) visited Mrs Eknaligoda and her neighbours to record further statements regarding the possibility of private dispute related to the victim. No further action has been seen to be taken. Ekanaligoda's family do not believe that his disappearance is the result of a private grudge. On 27 August 2009 he was victim of an organised abduction - he was blindfolded, transported a considerable distance and chained in a kind of cell overnight – by men who responded to organised instruction from someone referred to as a higher officer. He was released after the officer told them that he was not the correct intended target.
The case has been well publicised in the media however Mrs. Ekanaligoda also registered complaints at the office of the opposition leader, to Mr Gamini Jayawickrama Perera who is chairman of the United National Party, to the office of the National Board of Intellectuals (Jathika Vidwath Mandalaya), to Mr Wasudewa Nanayakkara who is an adviser to the president, and to several civil society organisations. A government spokesman has since publicly denied government involvement.
Sri Lanka remains one of the most dangerous environments in the region for journalists, and other public opinion makers, largely due to the lack of accountablilty faced by those who harass or attack them. Please refer to last years' urgent appeals and statement archive for other recent and unresolved cases, including the protection and investigation that was denied journalist and police torture victim Senake Ekanayake (UAU-029-2009) and abudction and torture victim, Poddala Jayantha, who is currently president of the Working Journalists Association (in STM-125-2009:SRI LANKA: Journalist attacked - a civil society organisation threatened and a provocative campaign against freedom of expression continues).
SUGGESTED ACTION:
Please write letters to the relevant authorities to urge for stronger and clearer efforts to thoroughly investigate this disappearance, ensure his safe return, and provide security for the victim’s family.
Please be informed that the AHRC has written a separate letter to the UN Working Group for Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances, and the UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, calling for intervention in this case.
Sri Lanka's president, has called on the country's ethnic Tamils to help ease tensions, as the country marks its first independence day since the end of a 25-year civil war.
Mahinda Rajapaksa, speaking at a ceremony in the central city of Kandy on Thursday, indicated there would be no self-determination for Tamils, but called on them to work with the government.
"Let's solve our problems ourselves through discussions," he said in the Tamil language.
But Suren Surendiran, a senior member of the British Tamils Forum in London, dismissed Rajapaksa's claim to want to resolve ethnic tensions.
"He's been saying that forever," he told Al Jazeera.
"Mr Rajapaksa has proven to be a very opressive and discriminating president. The Tamils are not celebrating today as an independece day. Rajapkasa was not voted in in the north and east, where the Tamils are - it's their land."
Election aftermath
Rajapaksa's speech in Kandy was his first public address to the nation since his re-election as president in January, but comes amid continued wrangling by General Sarath Fonseka, his former army chief and election rival.
Ahead of the independence day celebrations, about 5,000 of Fonseka's supporters took to the streets of the Colombo, the capital, to protest against the election results.
Fonseka told the crowd that "Rajapaksa has grabbed and stolen your right to elect a president".
During his speech he held up what he said was a burnt ballot paper, part of several bundles of ballots the opposition said were marked in his favour but were discovered discarded.
"We will get your rights at any cost. We will not allow them to celebrate the rigged victory," he said.
Dayananda Dissanayake, the country's elections commissioner, rejected the fraud allegations, though he said that state media violated voting guidelines when he announced the results on election day.
"I am not satisfied with what has happened in the campaign period," Dissanayake said.
"But I stand by the voting process and the results."
Local and international election observers generally praised the election, noting the campaign period was violent - five people were killed - but said polling day went smoothly aside from a few minor incidents of malpractice.
Consolidating power
Meanwhile Rajapaksa appears to be consolidating power ahead of parliamentary elections in April.
The Sri Lankan supreme court ruled on Wednesday that his new six-year term will begin in November, in effect allowing Rajapaksa, who called elections two years early, to rule for the next seven years.
Rajapaksa's government has been accused of orchestrating a crackdown on the media after a series of websites were blocked and at least one reporter detained. One journalist is said to be missing, one has been assaulted and others have received death threats.
"Now that the president has been re-elected, there appears to be a settling of scores with critics of the government," said Brad Adams, Asia director of the New-York based Human Rights Watch (HRW) group.
"Just days after the election, some officials seem to be on a campaign to abuse their power."
Rajapaksa has also dismissed at least 14 senior military officers – believed to be Fonseka loyalists - who the defence ministry said were a "direct threat to national security" after the presidential elections.
The state-run Daily News on Wednesday reported a total of 37 people have been arrested so far, among them 15 former military members of Fonseka's staff who were arrested when police commandos raided his office on Saturday.
Rajapaksa also transferred dozens of officers and promoted several considered loyal to his administration.
Since the day after the election, the government has made increasing allegations that Fonseka and his supporters may be plotting a coup and assassination attempt on the president and his relatives.
Fonseka has vowed to challenge the election results in court, but has not yet done so.
"If [Rajapaksa] won genuinely, why is he so scared of me? Why are they not allowing us to move freely. Why is he arresting my supporters?" the former army chief said at Wednesday's rally.
Sri Lanka is rejecting claims that some 11,000 people who surrendered as suspected Tamil rebels just before the decades-long bloody conflict ended in May 2009 are being held incommunicado or risk being tortured.
"These allegations are untrue. The surrendered persons have access to relatives and family and we are working with UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) and the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) in their rehabilitation and reintegration programme," said Major General Daya Ratnayake, Commissioner General of Rehabilitation, which is in charge of all rebel suspects undergoing rehabilitation.
On Tuesday, the U.S.-based rights campaigner, Human Rights Watch (HRW), urged the Sri Lankan government to end the alleged indefinite, arbitrary detention of more than 11,000 people held in "so-called ‘rehabilitation centres’" and release those who are not being prosecuted.
In a 30-page report titled, ‘Legal Limbo: The Uncertain Fate of Detained LTTE [Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam] Suspects in Sri Lanka,’ HRW said its information was based on interviews with the detainees’ relatives, humanitarian workers, and human rights advocates, among others. The government has routinely violated the fundamental rights of the detainees, it said.
"The government has been keeping 11,000 people in a legal limbo for months," HRW Asia director Brad Adams was quoted as saying. "It’s time to identify who presents a genuine security threat and to release the rest."
The HRW claim was backed by Sri Lankan Tamil Parliamentarian Suresh Premachandran, who said even agencies like the International Committee of the Red Cross were not allowed to visit these centres.
"Nobody knows who is in these camps. When we met President Mahinda Rajapaksa last September, he agreed to our request to release the names of those in these centres. But nothing has happened so far," the parliamentarian, whose party represents the interests of Sri Lanka’s Tamil minority community, told IPS.
Sarasi Wijeratne, spokesperson for the ICRC, said they have not had access to these camps since July 2009. "We did a registration of the inmates at that time. There has been no access since July," she told IPS.
However, a local human rights group said that access has improved for the detainees in the last two months, owing to the recently concluded Jan. 26 presidential poll.
"As far as we are aware, parents and relatives have access to these camps in recent weeks, though there is a lot of bureaucracy … in getting approval. All this, I believe, is because the government wanted to win the Tamil vote," said a spokesperson for the agency, who requested that her name and that of her organisation remain anonymous for fear of repercussions.
Thousands of young and older people from the rebel movement surrendered to the authorities just as the war was winding down in May 2009. The rebels, fighting for a separate homeland for minority Tamils, were finally defeated by government troops after nearly 30 years of conflict.
Some 11,000 former fighters or supporters of the LTTE since then have been housed in what the government calls ‘rehabilitation centres’ and access to them has been limited.
In an interview with IPS, Ratnayake said his department is focusing on rehabilitating the former rebels under a government programme, which starts after the authorities have identified the hardcore rebels who need to be prosecuted; those who have not been active and need rehabilitation; and those with marginal involvement, who will be released.
"This process is nearing completion, and on Jan. 9 we released 712 detainees while a few more remaining, under this category, will be released soon," he said, without giving a time frame.
However, the spokesperson for the local human rights group, which has provided legal aid for political prisoners for more than two decades, said they were checking reports that about 200 of the released detainees were being housed at a government detention centre for suspected rebels in the southern town of Galle.
"Last week a 60-year-old Tamil man, who was released from the southern centre, told us that 200 of those released on Jan. 9 were actually brought to the Galle centre. He urged us to help them. We are checking out these reports and plan to send lawyers to that centre," said the spokesperson.
The group of detainees was released by Rajapaksa himself in the northern centre, weeks before the Jan. 26 election in a widely publicised event, which opposition politicians said was a pre-election stunt to win Tamil votes.
With Parliamentary polls due in March, the government is still keen on winning Tamil support, sources said.
While Rajapaksa won the recent national poll, securing 57 percent of the votes cast compared to 40 percent obtained by his closest rival, former army commander General Sarath Fonseka, he failed to win any district in the Tamil-dominated areas in the north and the east, where the voter turnout was low due to reported intimidation and threats to voters from individuals who were believed to be supporters of Rajapaksa.
Rehabilitation Commissioner Ratnayake said the rehabilitation process has begun and some 600 child soldiers are housed in two camps in Colombo and northern Vavuniya, where he said they receive education and therapy.
"Once they are rehabilitated, hopefully in a year, they would be sent back to their homes," he assured.
The same applies to 80 percent of all the detainees who, Ratnayake said, would be rehabilitated to prepare them for their reintegration into society. The remaining 20 percent of the detainees were perceived to be hardcore rebels and are the focus of continuing investigations.
The department has prepared a profile of all the detainees, indicating their backgrounds, educational attainments, skills, aptitudes and aspirations. "We wanted to establish what kind of persons they are before working out a conceptual framework and an action plan, which is now being implemented," he said.
Ratnayake said the children and adults – segregated by sex – will be moved in groups to around 20 locations, where they undergo educational or vocational training.
The programme, financially supported by international agencies and the country’s private sector, has already begun conducting training in short-term courses, such as those on information technology and cosmetology for the females, said Ratnayake.
In the case of some 200 to 300 detainees, their parents cannot be traced. "We are still working on this," he said, denying claims that the rest do not have access to their families.
He said, in fact, on Sunday, one of the 2,000 girls detained was taken under escort to her home in northern Jaffna as a member of the family had died, and brought back.
"The government, with the help of the private sector, wants to give every able-bodied male or female a job once they leave these centres. However, before that, the integration part is important to prepare them, their family and also the community, because they have been involved in antisocial activity," he said.
Whether the detainees are hardcore rebels, sympathisers or simply forced by the rebels to join their movement, they should be charged or released, said Parliamentarian Premachandran. "(But) the government released just a few to win votes," said.
HRW said the government has denied the detainees the right to be informed of specific reasons for their arrest, to challenge the lawfulness of their detention before an independent judicial authority, and to have access to legal counsel and family members
"While the government has the right and responsibility to protect public safety, it also has to do so in a lawful manner that respects basics rights," the report said.
North Sri Lanka Journalists Association (NSLJA) expresses is grave concern on increasing violence against media and opposition political activists in the election post period. We earnestly hope that normalcy will return to whole country and rule of law will prevail which is a necessary pre condition for long awaited peace and reconciliation.
North of Sri Lanka has witnessed peoples rights being violated for a long time, our media and journalists faced unprecedented repression during the last few years. We express solidarity with our brothers and sisters in the south of Sri Lanka, who are undergoing the same situation we faced for a long time. We express our contentment that ban on Lanka newspaper has been lifted by the judiciary and hope that its editor Chandana Sirimalwattaa will be released soon. NSLJA condemn all acts against media unconditionally.
North Sri Lanka Journalists Association (NSLJA) expresses is grave concern on increasing violence against media and opposition political activists in the election post period. We earnestly hope that normalcy will return to whole country and rule of law will prevail which is a necessary pre condition for long awaited peace and reconciliation.
North of Sri Lanka has witnessed peoples rights being violated for a long time, our media and journalists faced unprecedented repression during the last few years. We express solidarity with our brothers and sisters in the south of Sri Lanka, who are undergoing the same situation we faced for a long time. We express our contentment that ban on Lanka newspaper has been lifted by the judiciary and hope that its editor Chandana Sirimalwattaa will be released soon. NSLJA condemn all acts against media unconditionally.
Sri Lanka Army (SLA) in Jaffna has begun constructing an earthen dam in an area encompassing Kaangeasanthu’rai and Keerimalai in Valikaamam North as part of the new Maximum High Security Zone (MHSZ) Wednesday, sources in Jaffna said. 20 Village Officer (VO) divisions of the 27 VO divisions occupied as SLA High Security Zone (HSZ) in Valikaamam North are to be turned into the new MHSZ, the sources added.
Basil Rajapakse, the brother and Senior Advisor of President Mahinda Rajapakse, prior to the presidential election, had promised the residents evicted by SLA in Valikaamam North that they will be permitted to resettle in their houses
Minister Douglas Devananda too had made similar promises.
The evicted residents have been living for the past twenty years in camps and the houses of relatives or friends.
Whatever hope they had of being resettled in their own lands now appears impossible with the SLA constructing the new MHSZ.
The residents of seven VO divisions declared as HSZ in Valikaamam had been permitted to visit their lands and properties during the day time only.
The residents are not allowed to stay overnight in their houses.
Despite promises by the Sri Lankan government to ease curbs on civil rights and a new era of reconciliation following its defeat of the Tamil Tigers, human rights and press freedom organizations say little has changed. Repression and state-sponsored violence are continuing in the wake of a convincing victory by President Mahinda Rajapaksa in a snap election on Jan. 26 and if anything, anything, threats and intimidation appear to have accelerated, the rights organizations say.
Rajapaksa's electoral success was built on the government's crushing defeat of the Tamil Tiger rebels in May 2009, ending a 26-year insurgency by the island's minority Tamil population. The opposition, led by the former Army chief, Sarath Fonseka, has charged that Rajapaksa's landslide victory, by 57.9 percent against 40.1 percent, was characterized by illegal imprisonment and intimidation of opposition figures. In return Rajapaksa accused Fonseka, a former ally, of seeking to organize a coup, and ordered the arrest of some of Fonseka's army colleagues.
Fonseka, who called Rajapakse a "tin-pot dictator"and told the media he would scrap the executive presidency within six months, hold parliamentary elections and adopt a new constitution that would "uphold democracy, social justice and media freedoms,"had been endorsed by several opposition parties, principally the United National Party and Janatha Vimukthi Permuna. He rejected the results of the election, which has been called suspicious, and said it would challenge them in court.
In the wake of the election, poll monitors and human rights groups including the Hong Kong-based Asian Human Rights Commission cited counting irregularities, as well as blatant misuse of state resources by the Rajapakse government and intimidation of political opponents.
"Very clearly, the question as to whether Sri Lanka is any longer capable of conducting a free and fair election has been raised in this election,"the collective groups said in a statement. "It is not only the electoral process that is under challenge. The very process of receiving, preserving and counting the ballot at the commissioner's office itself is an issue that has been prominently raised."
Although the government insisted that the election was free and fair, the United States Department of State has asked for an investigation into the vote fraud charges.
Human Right Watch said some 11,000 people remain in indefinite detention in the wake of the civil war, which was notable for savage cruelty on both sides that left 80,000 officially dead and probably lots more and impoverished the island's 21.3 million people. An estimated 400,000 ethnic Tamils have fled the island, according to the CIA Factbook. Hundreds, perhaps thousands of desperate boat people have attempted to sail to Australia. (See A Boatload of Money, October 22, 2009) As many as 30,000 people simply disappeared and presumably were killed at the hands of the government, rights workers say.
The Asia Human Rights Commission, in its 2009 report, said that in the wake of the defeat of the Tamil rebels, "what exists in Sri Lanka today is a situation of abysmal lawlessness, resulting in the zero status of citizens. The word 'abysmal' is here used in its ordinary meaning to mean limitless, bottomless, immeasurably bad and wretched to the point of despair. Lawlessness of this sort differs from simple illegality or disregard for law, which to differing degrees can happen anywhere."
Journalists have been a major target and violence is nothing new (See Death of a Journalist, Jan. 13, 2009). According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, the country ranked eighth in the world for journalist deaths in 2009, with 18 reporters killed in connection with their jobs and another six for reasons that are not clear. Amnesty International Tuesday issued a statement saying that "journalists have disappeared, been arrested or threatened with death and opposition supporters harassed since the Jan. 26 election. Victory against the Tamil Tigers followed by an historic election should have ended political repression in Sri Lanka, but instead we have seen a serious clampdown on freedom of expression," said Madhu Malhotra, Amnesty's Asia-Pacific deputy director.
Some 56 journalists reported they face serious threats, including some working for state-run media institutions, according to Amnesty International. The organization called on the government to cease its crackdown on journalists, political activists and human rights defenders. Reporters Without Borders appealed to Rajapaksa to put a stop to arrests and intimidation of journalists working for privately-owned and foreign media.
"This wave of post-election violence could cast a lasting stain on the start of President Rajapaksa's second term and bodes ill for the political climate during the coming years,"said Reporters Without Borders.
The Centre for Monitoring Election Violence reported more than 85 post-election incidents, including two murders and several assaults, Amnesty International's Malhotra said: "Victory against the Tamil Tigers followed by a historic election should have ended political repression in Sri Lanka but instead we have seen a serious clampdown on freedom of expression. Threats, beatings and arrests mean that Sri Lankan human rights activists live in fear of the consequences of expressing their political opinions."
On Jan. 29, Amnesty International said, "police officers from the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) raided the office of newspaper Lanka Irida and arrested chief editor Chandana Sirimalwatte, who remains in detention."Lanka Irida had openly campaigned for Fonseka during the elections. The office was raided again the following day.
The government suffered a rare loss Tuesday when the country's Supreme Court ruled that Rajapaksa's new six-year term in office won't begin until Nov. 19. The reason for the decision, which runs against practice in most countries covered either now or previously by Commonwealth law, wasn't given.
At the end of the war, according to Amnesty International, more than a quarter million Tamils were placed into government-run camps to be screened for rebel ties as their home villages were cleared of mines. Some 100,000 civilians still live in those camps. Those with suspected Tiger ties are held in separate facilities the government calls "rehabilitation centers."
The group also said it was concerned because a lack of information about the fate of detainees raised the possibility that some may have been tortured or mistreated or may have "disappeared."
Thousands of opposition supporters have hit the streets of the capital, in protest over last week's presidential election results, which they claim were rigged.
President Mahinda Rajapaksa secured a landslide victory, defeating his former army chief Sarath Fonseka in the Jan. 26 poll, according to official results.
The opposition said the vote was rigged, has rejected the results and said it will challenge them in courts.
The Wednesday gathering is unprecedented in this island nation, where election results are usually accepted without street protests.
The country's election chief Dayananda Dissanayake said he stands by the election results he announced last week, but said there were irregularities in the campaign period.
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